22 Shruti Research Topics
Topic 2 : Non-English Musical, Technical and other terms
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| Achala | Immovable notes in the Octave. These do not have a lower and a higher version. They include Shadja, and Pancham. |
| Adhar Swara | An additional note used to support a Swara |
| Ati-Tara | Extremely high pitched. |
| Besur | Non-melodious. Out of tune. |
| Bharatmuni | An ancient Indian Scholar, the author of Natya-Shastra, a treatise on Music and Dance. |
| Bharat Ratna | The highest honour in India conferred by Government of India. |
| Bhava | Relationship or Ratio. |
| Bhedasthana | The alternative version of the note. |
| Chadha/i | Note of a higher frequency |
| Chakra | Wheel |
| Dha | Short form of Dhaivat. Equivalent of 'La' in Western Classical music. There are 2 notes of Dhaivat in the Octave. One, Komal Dhaivat, and the other, Shuddha Dhaivat. |
| Dhaivat | Equivalent of 'La' in Western Classical music. |
| Dvavinshak | The Indian Saptak (Scale) consisting of 22 Shrutis |
| Eka | One |
| Eka-Shruti | At a distance of one Shruti. |
| Ga | Short form of Gandhar. Equivalent of 'Mi' in Western Classical music. There are 2 notes of Gandhar in the Octave. One, Komal Gandhar, and the other, Shuddha Gandhar. |
| Gandhar | Equivalent of 'Mi' in Western Classical music. |
| Guru | Teacher |
| Hindustani | Indian. Usually used to denote 'North' Indian music. |
| Jod Swaras | Additional notes used to link 2 Swaras |
| Kana Sparsha | A note used slightly or taken quickly in transit |
| Karnatak | Denotes 'South' Indian music. |
| Kharja | Low pitched, Bass, also called as 'Mandra'. |
| Komal | Signifies lower (flat) version of the note. |
| Komal Dha | 9th note in the Octave. |
| Komal Ga | 4th note in the Octave. |
| Komal Ni | 11th note in the Octave. |
| Komal Re | 2nd note in the Octave. |
| Kramasthana | The sequential version of the note. |
| Ma | Short form of Madhyam. Equivalent of 'Fa' in Western Classical music. There are 2 notes of Madhyam in the Octave. One, Shuddha Madhyam, and the other, Teevra Madhyam. |
| Madhya | Medium (normal) pitched. |
| Madhyam | Equivalent of 'Fa' in Western Classical music. |
| Mandra | Low pitched, Bass, also called as 'Kharja'. |
| Nadaguna | When the source object of sound vibrates to produce different harmonics, their mixture is interpreted by the human ear as having a 'particular' quality. This Harmonic profile of the source is termed as "Timbre" or "Nadaguna", and is very characteristic of the source. |
| Nirman | Creation |
| Natya-Shastra | a treatise on Music and Dance written by Bharatmuni, an ancient Indian scholar |
| Ni | Short form of Nishad. Equivalent of 'Ti' in Western Classical music. There are 2 notes of Nishad in the Octave. One, Komal Nishad, and the other, Shuddha Nishad. |
| Nyasa | Holding of note in a steady manner. |
| Nyuna Shruti | Ratio of 1.041666666 (25/24) existing between the 3rd and the 4th Shruti and repeating later at regular intervals. |
| Padmashree | An honour conferred by the Govt. of India on exemplary contribution. |
| Pancham | Equivalent of 'So' in Western classical music. 8th note in the Octave. |
| Pancha-maha-bhootas | The big and essential 5 elements of the world, namely, the fire, water, earth, air and space. |
| Parampara | Tradition. |
| Poornna Shruti | Ratio of 1.053497942 (256/243) existing between the 1st and the 2nd Shruti and repeating later at regular intervals. |
| Poorvanga | The proximal (S:P) portion of Raga/Octave. |
| Prakrut | Natural. |
| Pramana Shruti | Ratio of 1.0125 (81/80) existing between the 2nd Shruti and 3rd Shruti and repeating later at regular intervals. |
| Raga | The perceptible creation of a 'musical design' made by using selected notes in the Octave, by traditional methods of rendering these notes. |
| Raga sangeet | Music created by Raga. |
| Re | Short form of Rishabha. Equivalent of 'Re' in Western Classical music.There are 2 notes of Rishabha in the Octave. One, Komal Rishabha, and the other, Shuddha Rishabha. |
| Sa | Short form of Shadja. Fundamental or the 1st note in the Octave. Equivalent of 'Do' in Western Classical music. |
| Samvad | Musical relationship. |
| Samsad | A musical body. |
| Saptak | Octave. |
| Shadja | The fundamental tone or 1st note in the Octave. |
| Shishya | Student. |
| Shruti | Musical note. There are 22 basic musical notes within an Octave as per Indian Classical Music. |
| Shrutyantara | Distance between different musical notes. |
| Shuddha | Seven basic notes in the Saptak, namely, S, R, G, M, P, D, N. Also called as 'Prakrut' (Natural notes). |
| Shuddha Dha | 10th note in the Octave. |
| Shuddha Ga | 5th note in the Octave. |
| Shuddha Ma | 6th note in the Octave. |
| Shuddha Ni | 12th note in the Octave. |
| Shuddha Re | 3rd note in the Octave. |
| Surel | Melodious. In tune. |
| Swara | A musical note selected from 22 basic musical notes or Shrutis for performance (in a raga). |
| Susamvad | Consonance. |
| Swarakshetra | A 'range' of individual frequencies, which are all identified as the 'same' musical note for 10 notes in a Saptkak (excluding Shadja and Pancham) |
| Swayambhu | Naturally created. |
| Tanpura | A tradionally used musical instrument (of well-tuned strings) in India creating a backdrop of harmonic musical sounds on which a classical performance is made. |
| Tara | High pitched. |
| Teevra | Signifies a higher (sharp) version of the note. |
| Teevra Ma | 7th note in the Octave. |
| Teevratama | Signifies a still higher version of note than the Teevra version. |
| Utara/i | Note of a lower frequency |
| Uttaranga | The distal (P:S') portion of a Raga/Octave. |
| Vikrut | Five notes in the Octave excluding, Shuddha notes. They signify flat or sharp versions. They are r, g, m, d, n. |
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